Background: This study aimed to examine end-of-treatment outcomes of severe Class II Division I malocclusion\npatients treated with surgical or non-surgical approaches. This study tests the hypotheses that occlusal outcomes\n(ABO-OGS) and cephalometric outcomes differ between these groups.\nMethods: A total of 60 patients were included: 20 of which underwent surgical correction and 40 of which did\nnot. Cast grading of initial and final study models was performed and information was gathered from pre- to\npost-treatment cephalometric radiographs. The end-of-treatment ABO-OGS and cephalometric outcomes were\ncompared to Mann-Whitney U tests and multivariable linear regression models.\nResults: Following adjustment for multiple confounders (age, gender, complexity of case, and skeletal patterns),\nthe final deband score (ABO-OGS) was similar for both groups (23.8 for surgical group versus 22.5 for non-surgical\ngroup). Those treated surgically had a significantly larger reduction in ANB angle, 3.4Ã?° reduction versus 1.5Ã?°\nreduction in the non-surgical group (p = 0.002). The surgical group also showed increased maxillary incisor\nproclination (p = 0.001) compared to the non-surgical group. This might be attributed to retroclination of\nmaxillary incisors during treatment selection in the non-surgical groupââ?¬â?namely, extraction of premolars to\nmask the discrepancy.\nConclusions: Those treated surgically had a significantly larger reduction in ANB angle and increased maxillary\nincisor proclination compared to those treated non-surgically with no significant changes in occlusal outcomes.
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